app.py

from flask import Flask, render_template, redirect, url_for, flash, session, request
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrate import Migrate
from flask_login import LoginManager, UserMixin, login_user, logout_user, login_required, current_user
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'your_secret_key'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///site.db'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False

db = SQLAlchemy(app)
migrate = Migrate(app, db)
login_manager = LoginManager(app)
login_manager.login_view = 'login'

# 用戶模型
class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(150), nullable=False, unique=True)
    password = db.Column(db.String(150), nullable=False)
    role = db.Column(db.String(50), nullable=False, default='user')

@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
    return User.query.get(int(user_id))

@app.route('/')
@login_required
def index():
    return render_template('index.html', history=current_user.history)

@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form.get('username')
        password = request.form.get('password')
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first()
        if user and user.password == password:
            login_user(user)
            flash('Login successful!', 'success')
            return redirect(url_for('index'))
        else:
            flash('Login failed. Check your username and password.', 'danger')
    return render_template('login.html')

@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form.get('username')
        password = request.form.get('password')
        if User.query.filter_by(username=username).first():
            flash('Username already exists.', 'danger')
            return redirect(url_for('register'))
        new_user = User(username=username, password=password)
        db.session.add(new_user)
        db.session.commit()
        flash('Registration successful!', 'success')
        return redirect(url_for('login'))
    return render_template('register.html')

@app.route('/logout')
@login_required
def logout():
    logout_user()
    flash('You have been logged out.', 'success')
    return redirect(url_for('login'))

@app.errorhandler(404)
def not_found_error(error):
    return render_template('404.html'), 404

@app.errorhandler(500)
def internal_error(error):
    db.session.rollback()
    return render_template('500.html'), 500

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 設置日誌記錄
    if not app.debug:
        file_handler = RotatingFileHandler('error.log', maxBytes=10240, backupCount=10)
        file_handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter(
            '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s: %(message)s [in %(pathname)s:%(lineno)d]'
        ))
        file_handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
        app.logger.addHandler(file_handler)
        app.logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
        app.logger.info('Application startup')

    app.run(debug=True)

test_app.py

import unittest
from app import app, db, User

class FlaskTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    
    def setUp(self):
        """在每個測試前執行，設置測試環境"""
        app.config['TESTING'] = True
        app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///:memory:'
        self.app = app.test_client()
        db.create_all()

    def tearDown(self):
        """在每個測試後執行，清理測試環境"""
        db.session.remove()
        db.drop_all()

    def test_home_page(self):
        """測試首頁是否能正確加載"""
        response = self.app.get('/')
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def test_user_registration(self):
        """測試用戶註冊功能"""
        response = self.app.post('/register', data=dict(
            username='testuser',
            password='password'
        ), follow_redirects=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        user = User.query.filter_by(username='testuser').first()
        self.assertIsNotNone(user)

    def test_user_login(self):
        """測試用戶登錄功能"""
        self.app.post('/register', data=dict(
            username='testuser',
            password='password'
        ), follow_redirects=True)
        response = self.app.post('/login', data=dict(
            username='testuser',
            password='password'
        ), follow_redirects=True)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Home</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome, {{ current_user.username }}!</h1>
    <p>Your role: {{ current_user.role }}</p>
    <p><a href="{{ url_for('logout') }}">Logout</a></p>
</body>
</html>

在執行 flask db migrate 和 flask db upgrade 前，你需要設置遷移環境。首先執行：

flask db init

然後執行遷移命令：

flask db migrate -m "Add role column to User"
flask db upgrade

flask run